Artificial Intelligence and Islamic Law: A Jurisprudential and Ethical Evaluation of New Technologies

Öz

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has outpaced the emergence of a mature, dedicated literature examining its implications from the perspective of Islamic legal theory. This paper reviews the existing literature at the intersection of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and technology ethics, arguing that while a specialized body of scholarship on "AI and fiqh" remains at an early stage, classical and contemporary Islamic legal theory, particularly the maqasid al-shariah (objectives of Islamic law) framework, together with the secular AI ethics literature, provide substantial conceptual resources for such an evaluation. The review examines classical methodological tools for addressing novel questions (ijtihad and qiyas), the maqasid framework as a lens for evaluating new technologies against higher objectives such as the preservation of intellect, property, and human dignity, and the points of convergence and divergence between maqasid-based reasoning and secular AI ethics principles such as fairness, accountability, and transparency. The review concludes that a genuinely interdisciplinary Islamic AI ethics requires closer collaboration between jurists trained in classical methodology and scholars of technology ethics, and identifies specific fiqhi questions, including algorithmic decision-making in matters of inheritance calculation, financial transactions, and reproductive technologies, as priority areas for future juristic inquiry.